Tag Archives: nanotechnology

Introduction Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are responsible for the demise of 17.9 million people yearly, making it the main cause of death in the world.1 According to the American Heart Association’s (AHA) 2022 report on heart disease and stroke statistics, the average yearly indirect and direct expenses of CVD in the US were an estimated $378.0 billion in 2017–2018.2 Early detection of coronary artery disease (CAD) and proper treatment can reduce mortality, and the economic burden it brings along. Although progress has been made in the diagnosis of CAD, it has been limited by the low signal-to-noise ratio of conventional imaging modalit