The challenges
All these data, however, pose a serious challenge for physicians: the challenge of limitless choice. According to a white paper by Stanford Medicine,4 “the sheer volume of health care data is growing at an astronomical rate: 153 exabytes (one exabyte = one billion gigabytes) were produced in 2013 and an estimated 2,314 exabytes will be produced in 2020, translating to an overall rate of increase at least 48 percent annually.” With so much data on the daily decisions of millions of patients about their physical activity, dietary intake, medication adherence, and self-monitoring (e.g. blood pressure, weight), to name but a fe