Introduction
Endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) was first pioneered in 1962 in Japan.1 Since then EMB has undergone significant advances in procedural equipment and tissue analysis.2,3 Using a combination of histological, immunohistochemical and viral analysis, a variety of myocardial disorders can be detected.
The procedure involves taking four or more biopsy samples from the right intraventricular septum using flexible bioptomes, under fluoroscopic or echocardiographic guidance.4 Routine access is typically via a sheath inserted into the right internal jugular or femoral vein. Left ventricular biopsy can also be performed via the femoral arteries
