Paul Bamford, Amr Abdelrahman, Christopher J Malkin, Michael S Cunnington, Daniel J Blackman, Noman Ali
Introduction
Medicine has benefited from increasingly advanced diagnostic and therapeutic options, which enable more tailored patient-specific strategies, with improvements in both efficacy and safety. Artificial intelligence (AI) was first researched in 1955 when John McCarthy proposed a project that attempted to “make machines use language, form abstractions and concepts, solve kinds of problems now reserved for humans, and improve themselves.”1 In the 1970s, a new probabilistic model was developed that could simulate the process of expert decision-making by assigning weight to every clinical finding to indicate its possibility of occur