Introduction
Anticoagulation is utilised in the management of venous thromboembolism and to prevent thrombotic complications in patients with cardiac comorbidities, e.g. atrial fibrillation (AF), valvular heart disease, congenital heart disease, and other indications. Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), also known as NOACs (non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants), have shown superior efficacy, safety, adherence and tolerability over traditional anticoagulants, such as vitamin K antagonists and low-molecular weight heparins, and this has resulted in a paradigm shift with DOACs as the preferred options for most patients with thrombotic d
