Introduction
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a common source of morbidity and mortality: for example, the annual incidence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) in the UK have been estimated as 1/10,000 and 3–4/10,000 individuals, respectively, although the latter figure is considered to be an underestimate.1,2 The majority of cases of VTE occur during or following hospitalisation, and VTE has been described as the primary source of avoidable mortality in hospital;3 accordingly, more than 95% of such patients received a VTE risk assessment in 2016.4
Vitamin K antagonists (VKA), the standard of care for managing VTE for