Tag Archives: medical training

Introduction Miss Portwood, Medical Student In 2021, doctors identifying as women represented 16% of consultants and 29% of cardiology trainees in the UK.1 While the number of women training in cardiology has increased from 17% since 2003,2 cardiology remains an outlier among medical specialties. Women have outnumbered men entering medical school since 1997,3 39% of medical consultants are women, and gender representation in trainees of most other medical specialties is approaching parity.1 It has been proposed that cardiology will ‘catch up’ with other specialties, however, only 27% of female medical graduates declared an interest in car

The past: a historical perspective The earliest description of the heart sounds comes from William Harvey’s De Motu Cordis in 1628, in which he likened the heart sounds to “two clacks of a water bellows to raise water”, but it was not until Laennec invented the stethoscope in 1816 that cardiac auscultation superseded percussion and direct auscultation. Laennec proposed the use of “a cylinder of wood, perforated in its centre longitudinally, by a bore three lines in diameter, and formed so as to come apart in the middle”; this he termed the cylinder or stethoscope. This was followed in 1819 by his landmark work De