April 2024 Br J Cardiol 2024;31:76 doi:10.5837/bjc.2024.014
William Eysenck, Neil Sulke, Nick Freemantle, Neil Bodagh, Nikhil Patel, Stephen Furniss, Rick Veasey
Abstract
Introduction
The optimal treatment for persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients ≥65 years is unknown. There are several options including medical therapy for rate and rhythm control, direct current cardioversion (DCCV), permanent pacemaker (PPM) and atrioventricular node ablation (AVNA) and catheter ablation of AF.1 These treatment options have not been directly compared and each has its own advantages and disadvantages.2 In many patients, it is desirable to attempt to restore and maintain sinus rhythm to reduce symptoms and improve quality of life (QoL).3
DCCV has been reported to terminate AF in ≥90% of cases.4 However, recurrenc
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