Introduction
Heart failure (HF) is a common condition and the majority of patients have multiple co-morbidities. It is therefore essential that all healthcare professionals (HCPs) are familiar with the contemporary management of these patients. Whilst HF specialists are integral to the delivery of optimal patient care, it is important to ensure that therapies are optimised at every opportunity and enable the best care for patients in the context of acute or chronic non-cardiovascular illness. Current practice is often suboptimal; for example, in the latest national HF audit (England and Wales), the number of patients leaving hospital on thre
