Tag Archives: vasoactive substances

Pathophysiology The pathophysiology of CHD involves chronic exposure of the endocardium to vasoactive substances released by functioning NETs, leading to fibrotic plaque deposition.3 Valve leaflet thickening, retraction and fixation develop over time and result in predominantly right-sided valvular regurgitation, often accompanied by varying degrees of stenosis. The vasoactive substances produced in carcinoid syndrome, primarily serotonin, undergo metabolism in the liver, lung and brain.4,5 In patients with hepatic metastases, liver clearance is bypassed, and persistent systemic exposure leaves the right heart vulnerable to damage. The left h