Tag Archives: British Society of Echocardiography (BSE)

Introduction Heart failure (HF) remains a leading cause of hospital admissions and healthcare expenditure worldwide, and is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality.1 HF is commonly classified into three subtypes based on left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF)1 as heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), LVEF ≥50%; mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF), LVEF 41–49%; or with a reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), LVEF ≤40%. Patients with HF are at risk of decompensation due to the inability of the heart to sustain a functional cardiac output. Compensatory mechanisms, such as neurohormonal activation and sa