Tag Archives: epidemiology

Epidemiology King George II “On 25 October 1760 George II, then 76, rose at his normal hour of 6 AM, called as usual for his chocolate, and repaired to the closet-stool. The German valet de chambre heard a noise, memorably described as ‘louder than the royal wind’, and then a groan; he ran in and found the King lying on the floor, having cut his face in falling. Mr Andrews, surgeon of the household, was called and bled his Majesty but in vain, as no sign of life was observed from the time of his fall. At necropsy the next day Dr Nicholls, physician to his late Majesty, found the pericardium distended with a pint of coagulated blood,

Introduction Infective endocarditis (IE) is a relatively rare disease; however, it is becoming increasingly common and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality.1 A recent meta-analysis has revealed that the epidemiology of IE has evolved over the last five decades,2 with significant global variation. Several large epidemiological studies show that the incidence of IE is increasing, particularly in male and elderly patients.3-5 There have also been changes in the microbiology of IE with staphylococci overtaking streptococci as the most frequent causative organism.6 There are few recent studies describing the incidence or epidemio

Publisher: Oxford University Press, 2015 ISBN: 978-0-19-965665-3 Price: £115 (print), £29 (online, 1-year subscription) It is widely accepted knowledge among health professionals and the general public that premature cardiovascular disease can be prevented. However the evidence and guidelines on prevention are typically scattered, making integration into clinical practice problematic. The ESC textbook of preventive cardiology aims to collate all the aspects of prevention into one textbook. While the title may give the initial impression that the editors are going to be providing the old rhetoric on hypertension, smoking and lipid control,

Introduction Daily low-dose aspirin (75–100 mg per day) substantially reduces the risk of subsequent vascular events, such as myocardial infarction and ischaemic stroke.1 Evidence from primary prevention trials has indicated a reduction in the risk of a first vascular event,2 but the benefit–risk balance for this is open to debate.3 The prevalence of aspirin taking by patients at increased vascular risk and by the general population is unknown in the UK. The following reports a survey to determine the taking of regular aspirin within a representative community sample of adult individuals in the south Wales county of Caerphilly. Methods T

Introduction Varicose veins (VV) are dilated, tortuous, superficial veins found typically in the lower limbs. Haemorrhoids are abnormal distensions of the arteriovenous plexus in enlarged vascular anal cushions, although they are often referred to as varicosities.1 It is unknown whether these two conditions, both classified as disorders of the venous circulatory system,2 are associated with altered risks of other circulatory disorders. If they are, this may suggest clues about shared aetiological mechanisms between VV, haemorrhoids and other circulatory diseases. It would also provide information of prognostic clinical relevance about patien

Since then, there has been a steady exploration of the molecular mechanisms underlying PAH, which has led to development of effective targeted therapeutic options such as endothelin receptor antagonists and prostacyclin derivatives. In Professor Rubin’s view, these options represent a major success, but he hoped that there would be further progress. Many patients may not respond to these therapies, and it remains a serious and life-threatening disease. The characterisation of PAH into its clinical, pathobiological and epidemiological components has provided the opportunity to intervene therapeutically and to delay disease progression. Three

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