Tag Archives: kidney transplant

Introduction Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a well-established risk factor for cardiovascular disease, associated with significantly increased morbidity and mortality.1 People with CKD often have multiple cardiovascular risk factors, including hypertension, diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidaemia. In addition to these traditional risk factors, CKD induces a pro-inflammatory state, which contributes to pathological myocardial remodelling, fibrosis, atherosclerosis and endothelial dysfunction. Further, associated disturbances in mineral metabolism including hyperphosphataemia and hyperparathyroidism lead to accelerated vascular calcification.2

Introduction Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and in those after renal transplant.1,2 The pre-operative cardiovascular risk assessment is critical prior to renal transplant surgery to ensure appropriate patient selection, and to prevent adverse effects on one- and three-year patient and graft survival. In addition, these patients are closely monitored for over three years and any events are reported to the United Network for Organ Sharing. The pre-operative assessment is done based on the American Heart Association and the American College of Cardiolo